Tips for Learning Irregular Verb Conjugations in Spanish

Learning the Spanish conjugation of verbs can seem cumbersome for those of us who are native English speakers. Most forms of English verbs vary little, we often add a -s or -es in the third-person singular and add -ed for the simple past tense. In Spanish, by comparison, verbs undergo many changes. If you can unlock the key to verbs, then you can unlock the key to the language. Regular verbs, meaning verbs with three common endings, -ar, -er and -ir that are conjugated or change the same way according to their ending, can take on 16 different forms due to changes in tense, mood or inflection. Irregular verbs, may seem even more insurmountable. Irregular verbs can have more than 50 different patterns. What follows are some handy tips for handling irregular verbs. Thankfully, there are few patterns that emerge that can help Spanish learners grasp irregular verb changes. Irregular Verbs Are Common Since many irregular verbs are commonly used, it will not take long until the irregular forms come naturally. English provides a good example of this. The English verb, to be, is perhaps the most commonly used verb in English. Its conjugation is irregular, too. Am, is, are are all forms of the verb. In Spanish, the verb to be, has two forms that are both irregular. Lets look at one form, ser, which is the permanent form. The conjugation  is not regular, and like English, the forms must be memorized. An example of ser  translated into the indicative, present tense is soy, meaning am,  eres, meaning are and  es, meaning is.   Irregular Verbs Can Follow Regular Patterns A number of verbs with an e in the stem change to an -ie- form when that syllable is emphasized. Thus calentar becomes calienta, comenzar becomes comienza  and perder becomes pierde. All follow a similar pattern in certain conjugations. In some ways, when you learn one irregular verb you will also learn dozens more. Irregular Verbs Have Many Similarities Many irregular verbs have similarities, most notably, verbs that are irregular in the future tense are irregular in the same way in the conditional form. For example, decir, to tell,  becomes dirà ­a in the first-person conditional and dirà © in the first-person future. Another example of this  is hacer, to do, becomes  harà ­a in the first-person conditional and  harà © in the first-person future. In these examples, for decir, the -ec- in the stem turns into -ir- and for hacer, the -ac- in the stem turns into -ir-. The ending gets dropped and gets conjugated according to the regular ending changes in the conditional and future tense for -ir and -er. Look at Pronunciations Some verbs are irregular only in their spelling. A good example of this is the verb  sacar, meaning to take out,  which  becomes saquà © in the first-person preterite.  If sacar  was conjugated using the regular -ar verb change, it would be sacà ©, which is not a Spanish spelling. It looks and  sounds incorrect in Spanish. This skill will take some  time to acquire since pronunciations will start to look or sound incorrect the more a speaker practices Spanish. Most Used Irregular Verbs Irregular Verb Meaning Ser or Estar To be Haber or Tener To have Hacer To do Decir To say, to tell Sentir To feel Poner To put Seguir To follow Ir To go Ver To see Saber To know Querer To want Dar To give

Essay on Slavery - a Cruel Institution - 2057 Words

Slavery as a Cruel Institution Cruelty can be defined as an inhumane action done to an individual or group of people that causes either physical or mental harm. Slavery, at its very core, was a cruel and inhumane institution. From the idea behind it to the way that it was enforced, it degraded the lives of human beings and forbade the basic liberties that every man deserves under the Constitution of the United States. Three major areas where cruelty was especially prevalent were in the slaves working conditions, living conditions, and loss of fundamental freedoms. Working conditions for slaves were about as bad as can possibly be imagined. Slaves worked from dawn till dusk and sometimes even longer. Solomon Northrup describes his†¦show more content†¦My aunt was quite an old woman, and had been sick several years; in rains I have seen her moving from one part of the house to the other, and rolling her bedclothes about to try to keep dry- - everything would be dirty and muddy . I lived in the house with my aunt. My bed and bedstead consisted of a board wide enough to sleep on- - one end on a stool, the other placed near the fire. My pillow consisted of my jacket- - my covering was whatever I could get. My bedtick was the board itself. And this was the way the single men slept- - but we were comfortable in this way of sleeping, being used to it. I only remember having but one blanket from my owners up to the age of nineteen, when I ran away (Drew 45). These living conditions caused many to resort to immoral methods of survival, as Henderson relates: Our allowance was given weekly- - a peck of sifted corn meal, a dozen and a half herrings, two and a half pounds of pork. Some of the boys would eat this up in three days- - then they had to steal, or they could not perform their daily tasks. They would visit the hog- pen, sheep- pen, and granaries. I do not remember one slave but who stole some things- - they were driven to it as a matter of necessity. I myse lf did this- (Drew 48). Mealtime was far from a joyous occasion. In regard to cooking, sometimes many had to cook at one fire, and quot;before all could get to the fireÂ…the overseers horn would sound: then they must go at anyShow MoreRelatedJohn Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Moral Vacuity Slavery was an extremely common practice in American society throughout the Nineteenth century (I wanna put a quote here but idk). Frederick Douglass, an abolitionist and former slave, writes of the dehumanization and cruelty toward slaves in his autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. 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In responding to that, this paper will also discuss, first, the importance slavery played on the economic and political development of the United States; second it will explain the daily life of African American slaves; and lastly defending that slavery is not â€Å"a positive good†. In conclusion I will explain whatRead MoreDeconstruction of the Theory of White Supremacy in Uncle Toms Cabin1104 Words   |  5 Pagesjustifications of slavery. They use racial superiority and sub-human categorization of blacks as means of justifying slavery. She deconstructs the theory of white supremacy in her emotional and thought provoking novel. Stowe demonstrates in her d epiction of the beating of the slaves how they are inhumanely treated as animals. She also uses many slave and master relationships in order to demonstrate society’s belief of racial superiority. 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When to treat a condition as an absolute contraindication Free Essays

A contraindication pertains to a state wherein the performance of a specific medical action is not recommended. There are two general types of contraindication that may be directly described in association with its urgency to a situation. A contraindication is deemed absolute when the procedure may not be entirely performed on an individual based of his current condition. We will write a custom essay sample on When to treat a condition as an absolute contraindication or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, a contraindication is relative when the situation of an individual does not entirely rule out the possibility of using a specific procedure unless it is essential that such specific procedure or action be performed. One example of an absolute contraindication is being in a highly infective state, such as having chickenpox. In this situation, the chickenpox virus has the ability to infect any other person that is directly interacting with the infected person and even through the air that is circulating around the room where the infected person is located. The infected person may also spread the chickenpox virus through coughing. Chickenpox is associated with skin blisters that are generally itchy and the fluid from these blisters is very potent in infecting other people that may it come in contact with. A person infected with chickenpox is known to be in a highly infective stage several days before the blisters appear on his skin. Hence, a condition such as chickenpox should be treated as a contraindication because the infected person is highly infective and may pose a health threat to other people surrounding him. Another example of an absolute contraindication is widespread inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this condition, the patient’s autoimmune system is not normal and his joints are generally inflamed and are very easily affected by drugs and any simple movements. The patient’s connective tissues are generally destroyed hence they have a difficult time in maintaining a normal posture and even simple movements are painful and difficult. In such condition, any type of body massage may not be advisable to an individual with rheumatoid arthritis because it is not helpful and beneficial for such an individual to receive any forceful procedures to the body when the individual is already suffering from joint pains. An individual who has been diagnosed with a severe condition such as Parkinson’s disease should also be considered as an absolute contraindication for several procedures. A patient with Parkinson’s disease suffers from a major disability in terms of motor movements. This condition, also known as dystonia, results in involuntary jerking of specific parts of the body such as the hands, arms or even legs. When an individual has been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, this individual’s condition should be treated as an absolute contraindication because his condition may present complications with most procedures. For example, surgery can only be performed on an individual with Parkinson’s disease if a medical release form has been issued by the patient’s primary physician. The reason behind this is that the patient’s condition may become more severe during or right after a specific surgery because his motor movements are not stable and controllable due to Parkinson’s disease. Another condition that should be treated as an absolute contraindication is a medical emergency such as appendicitis. In this situation, the individual’s appendix is infected and surgery needs to be done immediately, or else the patient may die from shock and from the infection (Rizk and Saleem, 2008). In this condition, any other procedure should not be performed unless surgery to remove the appendix has been completed and the incisions that were done on the patient have completely healed. The patient suffering from appendicitis also experiences extreme pain in the lower right portion of his abdomen hence he will be unable to perform any other action unless he is rushed to the hospital and surgery is done as soon as possible. How to cite When to treat a condition as an absolute contraindication, Papers

Spinal Cord Injuries Essay Research Paper As free essay sample

Spinal Cord Injuries Essay, Research Paper As an Emergency Medical Technician ( EMT ) , when person has a spinal hurt, extra motion may do farther harm to the spinal column. EMT? s must ever immobilise the patient? s caput and trunk in the place found. The intent of an EMT is to forestall farther injury to the patient until more professional medical aid can be obtained. If in uncertainty about whether a individual has received a spinal hurt, ever presume he or she has. A spinal cord hurt ( SCI ) is really serious because it can intend the loss of esthesis and map in the parts of the organic structure below the site of the hurt. SCI? s are caused in many different ways. Some of the most common ways a individual may obtain a SCI are- motor vehicle accidents, slug or pang lesion, plunging accidents, electric daze, awkward placement of the organic structure, falls, athleticss hurts ( such as football or diving ) , industrial accidents, assault and gunshot lesions. Polio, Spina Bifida and Friedreich? s Ataxia are some of the frequent diseases that cause SCI. SCI may besides be know in other names such as spinal cord compaction ( SCC ) and spinal cord injury ( SCT ) . Harmonizing to an article in, SCI? s occur in about 12,000 to 15,000 people per twelvemonth in the U.S. About 10,000 of these people are for good paralyzed, and many of the remainder dice as a consequence of their hurts. Most spinal cord injury occurs to immature, healthy persons. Males between the ages of 15 and 35 are most normally affected. The spinal cord is about 18 inches long and extends from the base of the encephalon, down the center of the dorsum, to about the waist. It is composed of 33 castanetss called vertebrae, 31 braces of nervousnesss, 40 musculuss and legion linking sinews and ligaments running from the base of the skull to the tailbone. Between the vertebrae are hempen, elastic gristle called phonograph record. These absorb daze and maintain your spinal column flexible and shock absorber the difficult vertebrae as it moves. The nervousnesss that lie within the spinal cord are upper motor nerve cells ( UMN? s ) and their map is to transport the messages back and Forth from the encephalon to the spinal nervousnesss along the spinal piece of land. The spinal nervousnesss that branch out from the spinal cord to the other parts of the organic structure are called lower motor nerve cells ( LMN? s ) . These spinal nervousnesss issue and enter at each vertebral degree and communicate with specific countries of the organic structure. The sensory parts of the LMN carry messages about esthesis from the tegument and other organic structure parts and variety meats to the encephalon. The motor parts of the LMN send messages from the encephalon to the assorted organic structure parts to get down actions such as musculus motion. The encephalon and the spinal cord both make up the Central Nervous System. Motor and centripetal nervousnesss outside the cardinal nervous system make up the Peripheral Nervous System and another diffuse system of nervousnesss that control nonvoluntary maps such as blood force per unit area and temperature ordinance are the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems. Ringss of bone called vertebra surround the spinal cord, and these castanetss make up the spinal column or anchors. Most frequently, the higher in the spinal column the hurt occurs, the more disfunction a individual will see. The vertebras are named harmonizing to their location. The 8 vertebra in the cervix are called the Cervical Vertebra. The top vertebra is called C-1 ; the following is C-2, and etc. Cervical SCI? s normally cause loss of map in the weaponries and legs, ensuing in quadriplegia. The 12 vertebra in the thorax are called the Thoracic Vertebra. The first is called the T-1 and it? s where the top rib attaches. Injuries to this part normally affect the thorax and the legs and consequence in paraplegia. The vertebra in the lower dorsum between the thoracic and the pelvic girdle, are called the Lumbar Vertebra. The sacral vertebras run from the pelvic girdle to the terminal of the spinal column. Injuries to the 5 Lumbar vertebra and likewise to the 5 sacral vertebra by and large consequence in some loss of working in the hips and legs. The effects of SCI depend on the type of hurt and the degree of the hurt. SCI can be divided into two types of injury- complete and uncomplete. A complete hurt agencies that there is no map below the degree of the hurt, no esthesis and no voluntary motion. Both sides of the organic structure are every bit affected. An uncomplete hurt means that there is some working below the primary degree of hurt. A individual with an uncomplete hurt may be able to travel one limb more than another, may be able to experience parts of the organic structure that can non be moved, or may hold more operation on one side of the organic structure than the other. With the progresss in intervention of SCI, uncomplete hurts are going more common. The degree of hurt is really helpful in foretelling what parts of the organic structure palsy and loss of map might impact. Injuries above the C-4 degree may necessitate a ventilator for the individual to take a breath. C-5 hurts frequently result in shoulder and biceps control, but no control at the carpus or manus. C-6 hurts by and large affect carpus control, but no manus map. Persons with C-7 and T-1 hurts can unbend their weaponries but still may hold jobs with the manus and fingers. At T-1 to T-8 there is most frequently control of the custodies, but hapless bole control as the consequence of deficiency of abdominal musculus control. T-9 to T-12 hurts allows good bole and good abdominal musculus control. Persons with SCI besides experience other alterations. They may hold disfunction of the intestine and vesica. Sexual operation is often with SCI. Work forces have their birthrate affected, while adult females? s birthrate is non affected. Other affects of SCI include low blood force per unit area, inability to modulate blood force per unit area efficaciously, reduced control of organic structure temperature, inability to sudate below the degree of hurt and chronic hurting. SCI may besides conveying other possible complications like Skin Breakdown ( besides termed as? decubitus ulcers? or? force per unit area sores? ) , which occurs as a consequence of inordinate force per unit area over the castanetss of the cheek. Osteoporosis and Fractures occurs when musculus activity is decreased or eliminated and the legs no longer bear the organic structure? s weight and get down to lose Ca and P which makes them go weak and brickle. Normally happening 2 old ages after the initial SCI. Pneumonia, Atelectasis and Aspiration are the hurts above the T-4 degree of hurt that are at hazard of developing limitation in respiratory maps 5-10 old ages after the SCI. Heterotopic Ossification happens within 12-18 months, occurs when the articulations stiffen and merger. Safety patterns during work and diversion can forestall many SCI? s. Use proper protective equipment if an hurt is possible, and pattern appropriate safety steps. Always check the deepness of H2O before diving, and expression for stones or other possible obstructors. Football and sleighing hurts frequently involve crisp blows or unnatural distortion and bending of the dorsum or cervix and can ensue in SCT. Use cautiousness when sledding and inspect the country for obstructions. Use appropriate techniques and equipment when playing football or other contact athleticss. Falls while mounting at work or during recreational activities may do serious SCI? s. Always use defensive drive patterns and improved vehicular design may forestall many car accidents, and the usage of place belts will greatly cut down the hazard of serious hurt if there is an automobile accident. Using and retrieving these tips will ever cut down your opportunities of of all time meeting a state of affairs where you could be the victim of a spinal cord hurt. Bibliography 1 ) ? Spinal Cord Injury: Spinal Cord 101? ( 15 March. 2000 ) . 2 ) ? Spinal Cord Injury: Possible Complications? ( 15 March. 2000 ) . 3 ) ? Spinal Cord Injury: Basic Anatomy of the Spinal Cord? ( 15 March. 2000 ) . 4 ) ? Spinal Cord Trauma? ( 18 March. 2000 ) . 5 ) ? Spinal and Neck hurts? ( 19 March. 2000 ) .